分词的功能 

1.作表语 

例句：The little girl is smiling. 

The speech was inspiring. 

He looks disappointed. 

Those days are gone forever. 

2.作宾语补足语 

宾语补足语指有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 

用分词作宾补的常见动词有 see, look at, hear, notice, watch, listen to, feel, smell, have, get, set, leave, keep, make, find 等。 

例句：I heard someone knocking at the door. 

She found the window broken. 

3.作定语 

分词作定语，如果只是单个的分词，一般放在名词前面，如果是词组，一般放在名词之后。 

例句：He took a burning stick from the fire. 

We met a group of children training in the playground. 

Jim is a man greatly respected by his colleagues. 

4.作状语 

1）时间状语 

例句： 

Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. 

＝ When they heard the news, they jumped with joy. 

2）原因状语 

例句： 

Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 

= Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 

3）条件状语 

例句： 

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 

= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. 

4）让步状语 

例句： 

Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 

= Although the stone weighed almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 

5）结果状语 

例句： 

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 

= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay. 

6）伴随状语 

一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。 

过去分词可以说明谓语动作的背景。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。 

The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking happily. 

= The children laughed and talked happily, and they ran out of the room. 

Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.